Professional Pilot, March 2016

either in line of sight of an FAA retransmission site or to be equipped to receive traffic on both 1090 and 978 MHz frequencies ADS B traffic at hub airports will always have a surface range ADS B ground site to provide all protocols for traffic Many regional towered airports will be within line of sight of a retransmission tower and will provide all reporting traffic and it is very possible that non federal surface range retransmission sites might be installed at some towered and non towered airports to provide ADS R services as a way to complete the traffic picture in near proximity to the airport Time will tell Minimum descent altitudes as DH DA The FAA has made permanent in Order 89001 the availability to use minimum descent altitudes MDA as decision heights altitudes DH DA for operators including Part 91 who meet certain standards The aircraft FMS must meet standards published in AC 20 138 the maintenance practices must meet certain airworthiness standards and the minimum equipment list MEL must address loss of any equipment that would affect the ability to safely complete the approach The opening statement in FAR 91175 Takeoff and Landing under IFR states Unless otherwise authorized by the FAA each person must use a standard instrument approach procedure It is the unless authorized element here that permits this type of deviation from the norm The VNAV operating concept is to fly approach procedures using VNAV guidance with a defined vertical path VPATH that provides a continuous descent final approach CDFA All FAR Part 97 non precision approach straight in procedures that meet the specific criteria may be flown using an MDA as a DA DH for aircraft that are authorized The aircraft FMS with VNAV must meet certification per AC 20 138 The letter of authorization LOA for Part 91 operators will permit them to fly all Part 97 published approaches using an MDA as a DH DA for those approaches meeting the following criteria The approach to be flown serves a runway that has a published RNAV 32 PROFESSIONAL PILOT March 2016 This Citation X flightdeck is equipped with Garmins G5000 avionics suite ADS B Out is a standard feature as well as Link 2000 The G5000 suite is highly configurable and upgradeable and it can support technology as it becomes available including NextGen and SESAR Options such as traffic receivers digital radar and satellite weather and communications can easily be added Lynx NGT9000 is one of several models made by L3 for general aviation aircraft to comply with the Jan 1 2020 ADS B mandate This unit performs as a Mode S transponder and has ADS B Out and In capabilities Options are available for embedded Lynx Active Traffic antenna diversity and app connectivity over Wi Fi IAP RNAV GPS RNAV RNP or GPS in the title with a published LNAV VNAV or RNP DA and has the exact published final approach course as the RNAV IAP The approach must have a published vertical descent angle VDA coincident with or higher than the barometric vertical guidance GS on the published RNAV IAP A published VDA is not required when using the LNAV minima line on an RNAV approach that has a published LPV or LNAV VNAV DA In this case use the published glideslope angle Additionally the VNAV path must be at or above all stepdown fixes Looking at the extract from the RNAV GPS Rwy 25 approach to LUK Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport OH the GP angle is 3 The approach is GPS RNAV based and there is a straight in minima for the LNAV procedure Notice that